October 13, 2024
Ethical concerns in caring for persons with anorexia nervosa: content analysis of a series of documentations from ethics consultations | BMC Medical Ethics
  • van Eeden AE, van Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2021;34:515–24. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000739

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Keski-Rahkonen A, Mustelin L. Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2016;29:340–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000278

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westmoreland P, Krantz MJ, Mehler PS. Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Am J Med. 2016;129:30–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.031

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeeck A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Friederich H-C, Brockmeyer T, Resmark G, Hagenah U, et al. Psychotherapeutic treatment for anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00158

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinhausen H-C. The outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in the 20th century. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1284–93. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1284

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalsa SS, Portnoff LC, McCurdy-McKinnon D, Feusner JD. What happens after treatment? A systematic review of relapse, remission, and recovery in anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-017-0145-3

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregertsen EC, Mandy W, Kanakam N, Armstrong S, Serpell L. Pre-treatment patient characteristics as predictors of drop-out and treatment outcome in individual and family therapy for adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2019;271:484–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.068

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zipfel S, Giel KE, Bulik CM, Hay PJ, Schmidt U. Anorexia nervosa: aetiology, assessment, and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2:1099–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00356-9

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Keshaviah A, Edkins K, Hastings ER, Krishna M, Franko DL, Herzog DB, et al. Re-examining premature mortality in anorexia nervosa: a meta-analysis redux. Compr Psychiatry. 2014;55:1773–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.07.017

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausen L. Perspectives on Involuntary Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa. Front Psychiatry. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.533288

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Guarda AS, Pinto AM, Coughlin JW, Hussain S, Haug NA, Heinberg LJ. Perceived coercion and change in perceived need for admission in patients hospitalized for eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:108–14. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.1.108

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillen S, Dempfle A, Seitz J, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Bühren K. Motivation to change and perceptions of the admission process with respect to outcome in adolescent anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0516-8

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreyer CC, Coughlin JW, Makhzoumi SH, Redgrave GW, Hansen JL, Guarda AS. Perceived coercion in inpatients with Anorexia nervosa: associations with illness severity and hospital course. Int J Eat Dis. 2016;49:407–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22476

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham MR, Tierney S, Chisholm A, Fox JRE. The lived experience of working with people with eating disorders: a meta-ethnography. Int J Eat Dis. 2020;53:422–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23215

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Matusek JA, Wright MO. Ethical dilemmas in treating clients with eating disorders: a review and application of an integrative ethical decision-making model. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2010;18:434–52.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 8th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geppert CMA. Futility in Chronic Anorexia Nervosa: a Concept whose time has not yet come. Am J Bioeth. 2015;15:34–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2015.1039720

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobrescu SR, Dinkler L, Gillberg C, Råstam M, Gillberg C, Wentz E. Anorexia nervosa: 30-year outcome. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;216:97–104. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.113

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Eddy KT, Tabri N, Thomas JJ, Murray HB, Keshaviah A, Hastings E, et al. Recovery from Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa at 22-Year Follow-Up. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78:184–9. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m10393

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Löwe B, Zipfel S, Buchholz C, Dupont Y, Reas DL, Herzog W. Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa in a prospective 21-year follow-up study. Psychol Med. 2001;31:881–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329170100407x

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Charland LC. Ethical and conceptual issues in eating disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2013;26:562–5.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Giordano S. Anorexia nervosa: a case for exceptionalism in ethical decision making. Philos Psychiatr Psychol. 2019;26:315–31. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2019.0047

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dworkin G. In: Zalta EN, editor. Paternalism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; 2020.

  • McKinney C. Is resistance (N)ever futile? A response to futility in Chronic Anorexia Nervosa: a Concept whose time has not yet come by Cynthia Geppert. Am J Bioeth. 2015;15:53–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2015.1042991

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Giordano S. Anorexia and refusal of life-saving treatment: the Moral Place of competence, suffering, and the family. Philos Psychiatr Psychol. 2010;17:143–54. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.0.0286

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermair AL, Buchman DZ, Levitt S, Trachsel M. Palliative Psychiatry for severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa includes but goes beyond harm reduction. Am J Bioeth. 2021;21:60–2. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2021.1926594

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Draper H. Anorexia nervosa and respecting a refusal of life-prolonging therapy: a limited justification. Bioethics. 2000;14:120–33.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yager J. Managing patients with severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa: when is Enough. Enough? J Nerv Ment Dis. 2020;208:277–82. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001124

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gans M, Gunn WB Jr. End stage anorexia: criteria for competence to refuse treatment. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2003;26:677–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2003.09.004

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell AT, Aulisio MP. The stigma of mental illness: end stage anorexia and treatment refusal. Int J Eat Dis. 2012;45:627–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22002

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Radbruch L, de Lima L, Knaul F, Wenk R, Ali Z, Bhatnaghar S, et al. Redefining Palliative Care-A New Consensus-based definition. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;60:P754–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.027

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüttengruber G, Großschädl F, Lohrmann C. A Consensus definition of end of life from an International and Interdisciplinary Perspective: a Delphi Panel Study. J Palliat Med. 2022;25:1677–85. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2022.0030

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermair AL, Buchman DZ, Levitt S, Perrar KM, Trachsel M. Palliative psychiatry in a narrow and in a broad sense: a concept clarification. ANZJP. 2022;56:1535–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674221114784

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermair AL, Trachsel M. Ethics of Palliative Psychiatry. In: Helmchen H, Gather J, Sartorius N, editors Ethics in Psychiatry: European Contributions; in.

  • Trachsel M, Wild V, Biller-Andorno N, Krones T. Compulsory treatment in Chronic Anorexia Nervosa by all means? Searching for a Middle Ground between a curative and a Palliative Approach. Am J Bioeth. 2015;15:55–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2015.1039730

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermair AL, Perrar KM, Schweiger U. Ein Palliativer Ansatz für schwerste anorexia nervosa? [A palliative approach for severest anorexia nervosa?]. Nervenarzt. 2020;91:411–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-00875-3

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Trachsel M, Irwin SA, Biller-Andorno N, Hoff P, Riese F. Palliative psychiatry for severe persistent mental illness as a new approach to psychiatry? Definition, scope, benefits, and risks. BMC Psychiatry. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0970-y

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez A, Yager J, Feinstein RE. Medical futility and psychiatry: palliative care and hospice care as a last resort in the treatment of refractory anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Dis. 2010;43:372–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20701

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly M, Dowling M, Millar M. The search for understanding: the role of paradigms. Nurse Res. 2018;25:9–13. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2018.e1499

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Liamputtong P, Ezzy D. Qualitative research methods. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen GA. Document analysis as a qualitative Research Method. Qual Res J. 2009;9:27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Opel DJ, Wilfond BS, Brownstein D, Diekema DS, Pearlman RA. Characterisation of organisational issues in paediatric clinical ethics consultation: a qualitative study. J Med Ethics. 2009;35:477–82.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasson K, Anderson E, Hagstrom E, McCarthy M, Parsi K, Kuczewski M. What ethical issues really arise in practice at an Academic Medical Center? A quantitative and qualitative analysis of Clinical Ethics consultations from 2008 to 2013. HEC Forum. 2016;28:217–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-015-9293-5

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson L-M, Church CL, Metzger M, Baker JN. Ethics consultation in pediatrics: long-term experience from a pediatric oncology center. Am J Bioeth. 2015;15:3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2015.1021965

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Montaguti E, Schürmann J, Wetterauer C, Picozzi M, Reiter-Theil S. Reflecting on the reasons pros and cons coercive measures for patients in Psychiatric and somatic care: the Role of Clinical Ethics Consultation. A pilot study. Front Psychiatry. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00441

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiter-Theil S. Initiating and maintaining clinical ethics support in psychiatry. Ten tasks and challenges – and how to meet them. Clin Ethics. 2016;11:45–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477750916649119

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiter-Theil S, Schürmann J. The big five in 100 clinical Ethics Consultation cases. Bioethica Forum. 2016;9:60–70. https://doi.org/10.24894/bf.2016.09013

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tapper EB, Vercler CJ, Cruze D, Sexson W. Ethics consultation at a large urban public teaching hospital. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85:433–8. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2009.0324

  • Kuckartz U. Qualitative inhaltsanalyse [Qualitative content analysis]: Methoden, Praxis, Computer-Unterstützung [Methods, Practice, Computer Assistance]. 4th ed. Weinheim: Beltz Juventa; 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearlman RA, Foglia MB, Fox E, Cohen JH, Chanko BL, Berkowitz KA. Ethics Consultation Quality Assessment Tool: a Novel Method for assessing the quality of Ethics Case consultations based on Written records. Am J Bioeth. 2016;16:3–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2015.1134704

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Salloch S, Ritter P, Wäscher S, Vollmann J, Schildmann J. Was ist ein ethisches Problem Und Wie finde ich es? Theoretische, methodologische und forschungspraktische Fragen Der Identifikation ethischer Probleme am Beispiel Einer Empirisch-Ethischen Interventionsstudie [What is an ethical problem and how do I find it? Theoretical, methodological and practical questions to identify ethical problems in an empirical–ethical intervention study]. Ethik Med. 2016;28:267–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00481-016-0384-x

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders B, Sim J, Kingstone T, Baker S, Waterfield J, Bartlam B, et al. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual Quant. 2018;52:1893–907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med. 2014;89:1245–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wonderlich SA, Bulik CM, Schmidt U, Steiger H, Hoek HW. Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: update and observations about the current clinical reality. Int J Eat Dis. 2020;53:1303–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23283

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire S, Surgenor LJ, Le Grange D, Lacey JH, Crosby RD, Engel SG, et al. Examining a staging model for anorexia nervosa: empirical exploration of a four stage model of severity. J Eat Disord. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-017-0155-1

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi A, Stanley K, Sutandar K. The ethical defensibility of Harm Reduction and Eating disorders. Am J Bioeth. 2021;21:46–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1863509

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsiandoulas K, McSheffrey G, Fleming L, Rawal V, Fadel MP, Katzman DK, McCradden MD. Ethical tensions in the treatment of youth with severe anorexia nervosa. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2023;7:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00236-X

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermair AL, Weber S, Westmoreland P, Mehler PS, Elsner F, Trachsel M. Scoping review of end-of-life care for persons with anorexia nervosa. Ann Palliat Med. 2024;13:685–707. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-23-522

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermair AL, Trachsel M. Moral intuitions about Futility as prompts for evaluating goals in Mental Health Care. AMA J Eth. 2023;25:E690–702. https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2023.690

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker DC, Heiss S, Donahue JM, Brooks JM. Practitioners’ perspectives on ethical issues within the treatment of eating disorders: results from a concept mapping study. Int J Eat Dis. 2020;53:1941–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23381

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall S. Anorexia nervosa: the diagnosis. A postmodern ethics contribution to the bioethics debate on involuntary treatment for anorexia nervosa. J Bioeth Inq. 2014;11:31–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-013-9496-x

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • link

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *