Tips for Reducing Fall Risk

It doesn’t matter if you’re 5 or 95: Falling is scary. But as we get older, the risk of a fall causing serious injury — or even death — goes up. That’s why it’s so important to take this health hazard seriously.

Geriatric clinical nurse specialist Anne Vanderbilt, CNP, CNS, shares her top tips for preventing falls.

Assessing fall risk

It’s important to know whether or not you’re at risk of falls, says Vanderbilt. If you’re over age 65, having four or more of these risk factors increases your likelihood of falling:

• A history of falls
• Arthritis
• Depression
• Dizziness
• Chronic illness
• Taking more than four medications (polypharmacy)
• An acute illness like the common cold

Other significant risk factors are:

• Loss of strength (sarcopenia)
• Walking or balance issues
• Bladder and bowel issues that increase bathroom urgency
• Use of some medicines (such as sedatives or antidepressants)
• Low vision and hearing loss
• Foot pain or poor footwear
• Home hazards like uneven steps or rugs

Most falls are caused by a combination of risk factors. Vanderbilt recommends getting assessed for the first time when you turn 65 — earlier if you have chronic conditions that raise your risk. From there, most guidelines suggest you get screened at least once a year. Your provider will ask you these three questions:

• Have you fallen in the past year?
• Do you feel unsteady when standing or walking?
• Do you worry about falling?

If you answer “yes” to any of these three questions, Vanderbilt says you need additional medical attention.

“Don’t wait until you’ve fallen to have a fall risk assessment completed,” Vanderbilt urges. Falls are the leading cause of accidental death in people over the age of 65. Like getting a physical or a routine cancer screening, fall risk assessments are standard. They’re a precaution, not a judgment about your health or fitness.

Tips for preventing falls

Worrying about falling is understandable. So is the desire to maintain your current lifestyle. Being proactive about prevention can keep you safe without cramping your style. Vanderbilt suggests that you:

Review your medications with your providers

Did you know that taking four or more medications, including over-the-counter ones, ups your chances of falling down? It’s true. There are lots of different kinds of drugs that can cause side effects like dizziness or drowsiness. Taking them together can sometimes make those symptoms worse.

Review everything you take with your providers at your medical appointments. They can confirm that the drugs you’re on are necessary and safe to take together. They’ll also address any side effects you’re experiencing.

See your eye doctor every year

Wearing specs that aren’t up to snuff is a contributing factor in many falls. A yearly eye exam will reveal whether your prescription needs to be adjusted. It also ensures that you catch eye health issues early.

“Getting your eyes checked every year is about more than just your vision,” Vanderbilt notes. “Sometimes, your eyes provide the first clue that you have an underlying health issue.” Eye doctors occasionally see signs of thyroid disease, aneurysms, cancers and more through routine screenings.

Wear proper footwear

If you’re reading this, you’ve probably put the stilts and stilettos aside already. But going barefoot or padding around the house in stockings or socks can increase your fall risk, too.

Opt for non-skid footwear, like slipper socks with non-skid treads on the bottom.

Keep your hands free

If you have both hands full of groceries, you can’t use a handrail or cane to steady yourself. Use a backpack or take multiple trips instead. Slow and steady wins the race!

Stay physically active

If you’re able, incorporate exercises into your routine that make your legs stronger and improve balance and flexibility. Examples include:

If you’re concerned about falling or recently fell, you may need to adjust your approach to exercise. Ask your provider if you’d benefit from working with a physical therapist or an occupational therapist.

Remember: Any movement is good movement, as far as your body’s concerned. As long as you’re getting your blood pumping and your body moving (and doing it safely), you’re reducing your risk of falling.

Use assistive devices

Scooters, reach extenders, walkers, sock assists, shower seats: There are assistive technologies out there to help with most daily activities. And using them can significantly reduce your risk of falling. But many people don’t take advantage of them. They assume they’re for somebody else, that they’re a sign of weakness or that using them means losing your independence.

Assistive devices aren’t just for people living with chronic illnesses or disabilities. They’re for everybody. And there’s no rule that says you have to use them all the time. These implements exist to help you be independent. And you get to use them on your terms.

Address household hazards

The average house is chock full of tripping hazards that we take for granted. And most of them can be easily fixed! You can start by having someone:

• Clear your path of clutter, like shoes and dog toys
• Get rid of throw rugs — or tack them down with two-sided tape
• Store items you use regularly in easily accessible locations
• Use brighter lights and high-contrast tape or decorations to improve visibility

The last thing you want to do is fall while fall-proofing your home. If you don’t have a friend or loved one nearby who can help, tell your provider. They can arrange for an occupational therapist to assess and address everyday hazards in your home.

Make home modifications

Not all household hazards can be addressed with tape and an eye for organization. Sometimes, you need grab bars mounted, ramps built and non-slip flooring installed.

There are lots of different organizations, volunteer groups and grants designed to help people who are older or living with disabilities stay in their homes. You just have to know where to look.

If you live in the United States, you can visit the Home Modification Information Network website to learn about programs and providers in your area. If you live outside the U.S., ask your provider for advice. You won’t be the first person to ask!

Stay connected with friends and family

Believe it or not, a strong social network of family and friends can mean fewer falls.

Whether or not you feel lonely, it’s important to let your providers know if you’re not getting much social interaction. Isolation raises your risk of falling and a host of other health issues, so they’ll direct you to services that get plugged in to community groups, volunteer opportunities, social clubs and more.

Plan for inclement weather

Life doesn’t stop when the weather gets bad. But there are lots of little adjustments you can make to reduce your risk of falling.

If it’s raining, for example, using a ride-share service or taxi means skipping the long walk through a wet movie theater parking lot. And if you’re out of a few essentials? Use a grocery, restaurant or pharmacy delivery service to avoid an unnecessary errand.

If you do fall, tell someone

No matter how proactive you are about fall prevention, accidents do happen. And the experience can take an emotional toll. But your healthcare providers are here to get you on the road to recovery.

But what if you walk away from a fall uninjured? You might be tempted to pretend it never happened. And you’re not alone. One out of every four people over age 65 living in the U.S. falls each year. And fewer than half of them tell their providers.

Vanderbilt urges you to make a different choice.

When you tell your provider about a tumble, they can check for hidden injuries and underlying medical causes. They’re trained to see patterns and warning signs the rest of us might miss. They’re also a gateway to all kinds of medical and community support services that can help prevent future falls.

Final thoughts

Whether you’ve never fallen before or you’re still dusting yourself off, being proactive about fall risk and prevention is key to staying safe and independent.